What is a disadvantage of a hierarchical structure in an organization?

A hierarchical structure can lead to a slow decision-making process because of the multiple levels of authority and approval required before a decision can be finalized. In such a structure, decisions often have to pass through various layers of management, which can create delays and inefficiencies. This slow pace can hinder an organization's ability to respond promptly to changes in the market or adapt to new challenges.

In contrast, the other options highlight potential advantages of a hierarchical structure. Encouragement of employee innovation is not typically associated with a rigid hierarchy, as it may stifle creativity due to the focus on adherence to established procedures. Promoting teamwork can be challenged in hierarchical organizations since collaboration may be limited by departmental silos. While accountability is enhanced in a hierarchical structure due to clear lines of authority, it can also lead to a lack of initiative among lower-level employees who may feel less empowered to take action.